设计课题 | 媒体建造设计4 故宫算法生形看不见的城市

课程题目/Studio Project

Media Fabrication IV

媒体建造设计4

故宫算法生形看不见的城市

Algorithmic Figuration:

form forbidden city to invisible city

本课程是北京服装学院环境设计系媒体建造专业方向本科三年级第二学期的设计课。课程是在算法环境的基础之上，通过编程进行算法生成城市设计。21世纪的生产生活已经全面进入数字化时代，随着5G、人工智能与大数据、物联网的发展，人类将在近几年内进入全面数字化时代。本课程的设计方法论与设计思维方式是建立在全面数字化基础之上，学习参数化，算法化，涌现式的非线性设计方法与创新。理解基于实证性的社会空间动力学原理，初步学习基于复杂性科学的计算机模拟的基本方法，在设计分析与设计生形中初步运用算法，实现一定程度的涌现式设计。

本次课程的导师是车飞教授，课程的主题是“故宫算法生形看不见的城市”。整个课程分为两个阶段：第一阶段：故宫算法。每组同学选择以故宫的一组建筑空间元素为主题开展研究并编写计算机算法。第二阶段：看不见的城市。每组同学首先阅读卡尔维诺的著作《看不见的城市》，并从中选择一座自己最感兴趣的城市为主题，运用此前完成的故宫算法去生形城市设计。

This course is the second semester of the third year undergraduate of media fabrication in the Department of Environmental Design, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology (BIFT).  The course is based on the algorithm environment, and the algorithm is used to generate urbanism  through scripting.  The production and everyday life of the 21st century have entered the total-digital era. With the development of 5G, artificial intelligence, big data and the Internet of Things, human beings will enter the era of comprehensive digitalization in recent years. The design methodology and design thinking methods of this course are based on comprehensive digitalization, learning parametric, algorithmic, and emerging nonlinear design methods and innovations. Understand the empirical principles of social space dynamics, initially learn the basic methods of computer simulation based on complexity science, and initially use algorithms in design analysis and design shaping to achieve a certain degree of emergent design.

The instructor of this course is Professor CHE Fei. The theme of the course is "Algorithmic Figuration: form forbidden city to invisible city".  The entire course is divided into two stages: the first stage: the forbidden city Algorithm.  Each group of students chose to conduct research and write computer algorithms on the theme of a group of architectural space elements in the Forbidden City.  The second stage: the invisible city.  Each group of students first read Calvino's book "The Invisible City", and select a city that interests them most as a theme, and use the previously completed Forbidden City algorithm to shape the city design.

小组主题/Topic:

亭子算法生形阿尔米拉

Pavilion Algorithm for Armilla

课程导师/Instructor：

车飞/Prof. Dr.- Ing. CHE Fei

学生/Students：

刘远航/Liu Yuanhang 杨丰源/Yang Fengyuan

故宫算法

The Forbidden City Algorithm

1.前期调研

Preliminary investigation

2.类比与参数化

Analogy and parameterization

3.规则设计

Rule design

通过空间句法分析研究：

故宫整体拓扑层级关系4,7,8,9,10

通过院落内路网轴线整合度关系，找到连接亭子的道路整合度数值区间。

Through the study of spatial syntactic analysis:

The overall topological hierarchy of the Forbidden City: 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, Through the axis integration relationship of the road network in the courtyard, the numerical range of the road integration degree connecting the pavilions is found.

4.算法

Algorithm

使用元胞自动机算法设计新的路网，使用空间句法确立拓扑关系筛选出现亭子的院子，通过院落中的整合度区间涌现出亭子。

Using cellular automata to design new road network,Using spatial syntax to establish topological relationship to screen the courtyard in pavilions, Pavilions emerge through the integration range in the courtyard.

5.基本原型

Basic prototype

初始点设置在故宫午门、太和殿、神武门、东华门、西华门的位置，不同类型的动态移动细胞结构，开始运行。

The initial point is set at the Meridian Gate, Taihe hall, Shenwu gate, Donghua gate and Xihua gate of the Forbidden City, Different types of dynamic mobile cell structure, start to run.

当细胞形成静态稳定结构，不再发生形态变化时，

对新路网进行拓扑分析，在相应拓扑层置入故宫院落路网，并对其进行路网整合度分析，涌现出亭子。

When cells become static and stable structures and no longer undergo morphological changes, Based on the topological analysis of the new road network, the courtyard road network of the Forbidden City is placed in the corresponding topological layer, and the road network integration degree is analyzed,then pavilions emerge.

《看不见的城市》——阿尔米拉

Invisiblecity - Armilla

1.城市概述

Overview of cities

瘦小的城市之三——阿尔米拉

我不知道阿美拉变成现在这个样子，是因为未曾建设完成，还是由于某种蛊惑或者怪念而受破坏。反正，它没有墙，没有屋顶，没有地板：完全没有使它看起来像个城市的东西除了水管，它们在应该是房 屋的地方垂直竖立，在应该是地板的地方向横伸出：成丛的水管，未端是 水龙头、淋浴装置、喷口、溢流管。青天衬托出白色的洗手盆或着浴缸或者别的搪瓷器皿、就像迟熟的果子悬挂树梢。你会以为水 喉匠干完活走了，而建筑工人尚未开工；也许他们这个不朽的输水系统逃过了一次大难、地震或者白蚁蛀食。无论阿美拉是在有人居留以前或以后被舍弃，我们都不能说它是个空城。你只要抬起眼睛，就随时都可 以看见水管丛里有一个修短合度的年轻女子、许多年轻女子在浴缸 里优游享受洗澡的乐趣、在悬空的淋浴装置之下弯腰、洗着抹拭着或者 涂着香水，或者对镜梳理长发。淋浴的水线在阳光下像扇子一样散开，水龙头喷出的水、溅出的水、泼出的水、海绵刷子上的肥皂泡 沫都 闪着光。我相信了这样的解释：注进阿美拉水管里的水，所有权一直属于河神和河仙。她们习惯在地底脉络里活动，因此不难走进新的水 域，冲出喷泉，寻到新的镜子、新的游戏、新的玩水方式。水 被人滥用使河神生气，她们的侵入，说不定就是人类向河神求福时许下的愿。不管怎样，仙女们现在似乎满意了：早上，你听得见她们唱歌。

——《看不见的城市》 第三章 瘦小的城市之三

Thin Cities——Armilla

Whether Armilla is like this because it is unfinished or because it has been demolished, whether the cause is some enchantment or only a whim, I do not know. The fact remains that it has no walls, no ceilings, no Boors: it has nothing that makes it seem a city, except the water pipes that rise vertically where the houses should be and spread out horizontally where the Boors should be: a forest of pipes that end in taps, showers, spouts, overBows. Against the sky a lavabo's white stands out, or a bathtub, or some other porcelain, like late fruit still hanging from the oughs. You would think the plumbers had finished their job and gone away before the bricklayers arrived or else their hydraulic systems, indestructible, had survived a catastrophe, an earthquake, or the corrosion of termites.

Abandoned before or after it was inhabited, Armilla cannot be called deserted. At any hour, raising your eyes among the pipes, you are likely to glimpse a young woman, or many young women, slender, not tall of stature, luxuriating in the bathtubs or arching their backs under the showers suspended in the void, washing or drying or perfuming themselves, or combing their long hair at a mirror. In the sun, the threads of water fanning from the showers glisten, the jets of the taps, the spurts, the splashes, the sponges' suds.

I have come to this explanation: the streams of water channeled in the pipes of Armilla have remained in the possession of nymphs and naiads. Accustomed to traveling along underground veins, they found it easy to enter into the new aquatic realm, to burst from multiple fountains, to find new mirrors, new games, new ways of enjoying the water. Their invasion may have driven out the human beings, or Armilla may have been built by humans as a votive offering to win the favor of the nymphs, offended at the misuse of the waters. In any case,now they seem content, these maidens: in the morning you hear them singing.

——Invisible Cities Chapter III Thin Cities

2.城市理解

Understanding of the city

叙述城市状态的语段：

未曾建设完成、还是由于某种蛊惑或者怪你按而受破坏、也许他们这个不朽的输水系统逃过了一次大难地震或者白蚁蛀食。输水系统是城市基础设施的组成部分，输水系统的边界往往代表了城市的边界。不朽的输水系统意味着曾经被完整的规划过，至今仍保持着良好的运作。这是仍在发展的城市，尽管状态显得非常不佳。

城市形象的具体叙述：

没有墙，没有屋顶，没有地板，除了水管，应该是房屋的地方垂直竖立，或者横伸出。原本建筑内的家具也暴露在青天的衬托下：洗手盆或者搪瓷器皿，像挂在树梢的果子。破败的状态让人意外是个未完成的城市。事实上阿尔米拉可能曾经完成过。

阿尔米拉的中心性：

从文字描述中：注入进阿尔米拉水管里的水，所有权一直属于河神和河仙。王志弘认为文中构筑起来的传说，神话与宗教总是若影若现的存在。我认为这是直接描述了阿尔米拉的权力与宗教的存在，即对阿尔米拉直接产生影响，不仅是人们的生活状态，同时也是城市结构形态的影响者。《看不见的城市》作为结构主义文学，阿尔米拉在书中的结构也处于中心的位置。其他的城市结构描写，以及对其他城市状态的描写：欲望、符号、贸易、眼睛等，共同构筑了一个城市应有的样貌。

生活状态的叙述：

她们习惯于在地底脉络里活动，因此不难走进新的水域，冲出喷泉，寻找新的镜子，新的游戏，新的玩水方式；不管怎样，仙女们现在似乎满意了，早上你听得见她们唱歌。也就是说，人们已经完全适应了这种生活方式，并且积极的探寻新的生活方式。

Paragraphs describing the state of the city :

If it's not completed, or if it's because of some kind of bewitchment or blame you, it's destroyed. Maybe their immortal water delivery system escaped a major earthquake or termite eating. Water conveyance system is an integral part of urban infrastructure. The boundary of water conveyance system often represents the boundary of the city. The immortal water conveyance system means that it has been planned completely, and it is still in good operation. This is a city that is still developing, though in a very poor state.

Specific description of city image :

There are no walls, no roofs, no floors, except for water pipes, which should be vertical or horizontal. The furniture in the original building was also exposed against the blue sky: wash basins or enamel vessels, like fruit hanging in the treetops. The state of dilapidation is a surprising unfinished city. In fact, Almira may have done it .

The centrality of Armilla :

From the text description: the ownership of the water injected into the Almira water pipe has always belonged to the river god and the river immortal. Wang Zhihong believes that the legends, myths and religions built in the text always exist like shadows. I think this is a direct description of the existence of Almira's power and religion, that is to say, it has a direct impact on Almira, not only on people's living conditions, but also on urban structure. As a structuralist literature, the structure of invisible city is also in the center of the book. Other descriptions of urban structure, as well as descriptions of other urban states: desire, symbol, trade, eyes, etc., together build the proper appearance of a city.

Narration of life state :

They are used to moving in the underground vein, so it's easy to enter new waters, rush out of fountains, look for new mirrors, new games, new ways of playing water; anyway, the fairies seem satisfied now, and you can hear them sing in the morning. In other words, people have fully adapted to this way of life, and actively explore new ways of life.

3.意向图

Imaginarypicture

4.城市形态结构分析

Analysis of urban morphology and structure

5.城市案例分析

Urban case analysis

巴西利亚

Brasilia

6. 初始设计

lnital design

CA生成基本城市形态，空间句法算法对应拓扑筛选。

公共空间功能规划——参考巴西利亚—群居空间，居住空间，田园空间，权利空间。

城市总路网设计——CA生成基本的交通核心筒。

算法说明：

阿尔米拉CASS算法分为三级规则，并且规则逐级迭代实现阿尔米拉之城的最终形态。

第一级为三维元胞自动机生成基础形态，由4组不同方位的初始点控制，在80秒时完成形态，形态为管道。第二级为故宫亭子的拓扑层级引入阿尔米拉之城，故宫的亭子院落分别在第4，7，8，9，10拓扑层，前4级院落亭子占比为1/5,4/8,1/11,10/32。在阿尔米拉中由故宫亭子的拓扑层与占比，筛选得到新的形态。

第三级为依据调研巴西利亚的功能和7000人的城市人口划定，赋予阿尔米拉4种基础功能及划分功能的规 则——群居空间为蓝色圆柱，居住空间为紫色圆柱。田园空间对应故宫的亭子空间，权力空间为第十拓扑层位于顶端。

CA generates the basic city form, and spatial syntax algorithm corresponds to topology selection Functional planning of public space - reference to Brasilia - community space, residential space, rural space, right space

The design of urban general road network -- the basic traffic core tube generated by CA.

Algorithm description:

Almira CASS algorithm is divided into three levels of rules, and the rules are iterated step by step to realize the final form of Almira city.

The first stage is the generation of basic form of three-dimensional cellular automata, which is controlled by four groups of initial points in different directions. The form is completed in 80 seconds, and the form is pipeline.

The second level is the topological level of the Imperial Palace Pavilion, which is introduced into the city of Almira. The pavilions of the Imperial Palace are respectively on the 4th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th topological level, and the former four levels account for 1/5, 4/8, 1/11 and 10/32. In Almira, a new form was selected from the topological layer and proportion of the pavilion.

The third level is based on the investigation of the functions of Brasilia and the urban population delimitation of 7000 people. Almira is endowed with four basic functions and the rules of division functions: the living space is blue cylinder, and the living space is purple cylinder. The rural space corresponds to the pavilion space of the Forbidden City, and the tenth topological layer of power space is located at the top.

7. 涌现与模式

Emergence and Mode

8. 功能分析

Functional analysis

9. 多方案比较

Comparison of multiple schemes

10. 制图、模型与渲染

Cartography, Modeling and Rendering

总平面图

Master Plan

东立面图

East Elevation

剖面图

Section

鸟瞰图

Aerial View

远景效果图

Rendering of Distant View

近景效果图

Close-up Rendering

设计说明：

我们研究的是故宫的亭子。从故宫到亭子分为三级关系，故宫为总系统，院落为子系统，亭子是出现在子系统的中的元素。我们使用二维元胞自动机算法和空间句法分析完成故宫亭子的涌现。阿尔米拉之城延续故宫亭子的算法，使用三维元胞自动机进行垂直生长，结合调研的城市功能分区，深化设计并最终完成阿尔米拉之城的涌现。

Design description:

We are studying the pavilions in the Forbidden City. There are three levels of relationship from the Palace Museum to the pavilion. The Palace Museum is the general system, the courtyard is the subsystem, and the pavilion is the element in the subsystem. We use two-dimensional cellular automata algorithm and spatial syntax analysis to complete the emergence of the Palace Museum Pavilion. The city of Almira continues the algorithm of the Imperial Palace Pavilion, uses three dimensional cellular automata for vertical growth, and combines with the research of urban functional zoning to deepen the design and finally complete the mergence of Almira city.

小组分工：

刘远航：确立故宫研究的主题与调研，规则确立，算法编辑，绘制意向图，结构图，  效果图，深化建模等。

杨丰源确立故宫研究的主题与调研，规则确立，算法编辑，绘制总平图，立面图， 分析图，深化建模等。

Group division of labor:

Liu Yuan hang: Establish the theme and research of the  Forbidden  City, establish the rules, edit the algorithm, draw the intention map, structure diagram, renderings, deepen the modeling, etc.

Yang Fengyuan: Establish the theme and research of the Forbidden City, establish the rules, edit the algorithm, draw the master plan, elevation, analysis graph, deepen the modeling, etc.

北京服装学院 艺术设计学院